chemical engineering thermodynamics pdf free download

Further investigations demonstrate the importance of the consideration of real-gas effects to correctly capture the jet mixing process. Very good agreement with experimental speed of sound measurements is found. In the first step, real-gas effects in underexpanded jets are investigated. Most of the simulations are conducted with the pressure-based framework. Both Large-Eddy Simulations and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations are performed. Overall, measurement data from five different experimental test campaigns are used to validate the numerical framework. For the investigation of the non-premixed combustion process, a tabulated combustion model based on the flamelet concept is employed. Multicomponent phase separation processes are considered by means of a minimization of the Gibbs energy. Consequently, real-gas effects are included inherently. Cubic equations of state and the departure function concept form the basis of the thermal and caloric closure. The thermodynamic framework relies on a rigorous and fully conservative description of the thermodynamic state. A double-flux scheme specifically tailored for real-gas flows is the core of the density-based solver. The first comprises different formulations of the pressure equation to cover a wide range of Mach numbers. Both a pressure- and a density-based solver framework are introduced. This work presents a CFD tool that enables the thorough investigation of these processes. Here, especially one thermodynamic topic is of paramount interest within recent years: phase separation processes under initially supercritical conditions.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can contribute to a better understanding of the injection, mixing and combustion processes within these types of engines. This arises from the fact, that LREs will remain an essential component for payload launchers in the foreseeable future and that GEs fired with hydrogen or natural gas are a possible solution to gradually diversify towards cleaner energy conversion machines. Driven by the demand for higher efficiency and reduction of pollutants, intensive investments are made in recent years in the further development of especially two types of fuel-fired engines: liquid-propellant rocket engines (LREs) and gas engines (GEs). Injection, mixing and combustion under high-pressure conditions are key processes in modern energy conversion machines.

Chemical engineering thermodynamics pdf free download